East Anatolian Red Cattle (also known as EARC or Dogu Anadolu Kirmizisi) represent 10.02% of the cattle population of a region with 1,243,482 animals (Emsen, 1993). EARC are well suited to the harsh climate, poor pasture and severe conditions that are the characteristics of the hills and uplands of East Anatolia which is 1300-2000m above sea level with an average winter temperature of -15oC and annual rainfall of 350-400 mm. EARC are generally used as a dual-purpose breed. After the introduction of the highly productive breeds in terms of milk and meat yield (Brown Swiss and Simmental) farmers have shown great interest in these breeds and their crosses with EARC. These trends and crossing of native breed cows therefore has had a negative effect on the population of native breeds as well as EARC. This breed was taken under control at East Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute as a Genetic resource in 1991 as a result of the decreasing population.
EARC are generally light red, although color varies from light to dark red. EARC are highly resistant to cold temperatures and severe conditions and are also very well adapted physically to derive benefit from short and poor quality pasture. Their hooves are small, dense, and compact. The tip is narrow and sharp allowing the EARC to control its momentum and balance while grazing on step and rock terrain. Average mature weight ranges from 250-300 kg. Calving rate for EARC is about %80 percent in village conditions and most calves (%60-65) born between the 15th of February and 15th of April. Birth weight of calves averages 18 kg (Akbulut and Ulutas, 1994). The average lactation period and milk yields are 170 days and 700-800 kg with a 5-8% fat content respectively. Live weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of the EARC and crosses ranged from 616-1009 g and 5.94-9.6 kg respectively according to age and method of feeding.
About East Anatolian Red Cattle
